Apparatus and method for making centrifugal castings



Dec. 31, 1935. HQ A T 2,026,457

- APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING CENTRIFUGAL CASTINGS Filed/Nov. 25, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 31, 1935. n- T 2,026,457

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING CENTRIFUGAL CASTINGS Filed Nov. 25, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .Zzwemor:

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Patented Dec. 31, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT orr cg APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING CENTRIFUGAL CASTINGS Hans Breitbart, Duisburg-Beech, Germany Application November 25, 1933, Serial N6. 699,698

r In Germany January 16, 1933 I 10 Claims. (Cl. 22-65) This invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing castings more particularly for producing castings whereby the molten material from which the casting is made is forced into the form or die by centrifugal forces.

An. object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for producing castings whereby the molten substance from which the casting is made is equally distributed over the form or die.

An object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for the production of centrifugal castings whereby the molten substance from which the casting is made is vertically poured from a distributor into the interior of the die and whereby the mouthpiece of the distributor is close to the die.

An object of this invention is to provide a method for producing castings by internally charging forms or dies with the molten substance from'which the casting is made whereby the speed of applying the molten substance is definitely adjusted and maintained during the charging period.

An object of this invention isto provide a method for the production of centrifugal diecastings whereby the casting may be made in several layers of a plurality of different casting materials.

An object ofthis invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the production of centrifugal die-castings whereby the molten substance from'which the casting is made can be poured into the interior form at various speeds,

at individual parts of the form according to the quantity of substance required at the individual parts of the form'and the thickness of material required at the individual parts of the casting.

An object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the charging of casting forms or dies with the molten material from which the casting is made whereby the molten material is poured in a steady stream of definite dimensions and with equal speed into the form and all splashing or discontinuation or varying of the intensity of the stream is prevented.

An object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for producing castings particularly castings of great longitudinal dimension and whereby the molten substance from which the casting is made is equally distributed over the whole length of the casting.

An object of this invention I is to provide a method and apparatus for producing castings whereby the molten substance from which the casting is made is brought into a distributor and there-from forced into the form by the application of gas under pressure and whereby the speed of the pouring process is much increased and the temperature of the molten substance is low. 1 p 5 Further and other objects of the present invention will be hereinafter set forth in the accompanying specification and claims and shown in the drawings 'which, byway. of illustration,

show what I now consider to be a preferred em- 10 bodiment of the invention.

In the drawings: v

Fig. 1 is a cross-section through a diagrammatic showing of the complete casting set up.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A 15 of Fig. 1, the distributor beingin loading position.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Fig. 1, the distributor being in charging position.

Fig. 4 is a detail view of part .of the distributor.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal view of a modified distributor.

Fig. 6 is a cross-section through the modified distributor in loading position.

Fig. 7 is a cross-section through the modified distributor in charging position.

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal view of a distributor having different pouring openings.

Figs. 9 and 10 are isometric showings of a modifled distributor with an adjustable mouth.

Fig. 11 shows a different modification of the mouth piece of a distributor.

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a modification ,of the apparatus having a mouth piece independent from the trough for the molten substances.

Fig. 13, is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to my invention showing more particularly the mechanism of the mouth piece. I

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to my invention showing a modificatio of the mechanism of the mouth piece.

Referring-more particularly to the drawings: Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4. illustrate an apparatus for carrying out a casting operation according to-' my invention. The tiltable trough liswithin the hollow form 2 which is in horizontal position. Trough l is provided with a flange 3. This, together with the adjustable plate 'I which is arranged above flange 3, forms a mouthpiece'which able bearings not shown. Fig. 2 shows the trough in a position in which it may be loaded with-the molten substance.- In Fig. 3.the trough is slightly,

tilted and the molten substance is discharged through slot 5. However, this is not the normal discharge position. For this purpose the trough is tilted much more and the molten substance is poured out in a vertical .stream as indicated on Fig. '7. When making a casting, trough l is loaded with the molten substance from which the casting is to be made and the form 2 is rotated.

Then the trough is tflted until the molten substance pours out in a vertical ribbon-like stream which gradually builds up the, casting on the inside of the form.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate a distributor consisting of two equal halves 8 and 9 provided with flanges l0 and II. The interior and, particularly,

flange ll may be lined with asbestos l2. The .two halves are' held together by screws or similar means which connect the flanges I I. By choosing a suitable thickness of the asbestos layer l2 between the flanges H, a corresponding slot 5 will remain open between the flanges III. A distributor of the type disclosed in Figs. 5, 6 and '7 can be used for forcing the molten substance out of slot 5 by gas pressure. Compressed gas, for example CO2, may be supplied to chamber 13 after the trough has been filled with molten substance and tilted into the discharge position as shown in Fig.7.

Fig. 8 shows a distributor designed along the same principles as is the one illustrated by Figs. 5, 6 and '7 but having a slot of diilerent widths: 5, 5' and 5". Such a distributor is useful when the shape of the casting to be produced varies in size over its length. "The part on the left may require most material and is therefore supplied through the wide part 5" of the slot. The part on the right may require the smallest amount of molten material and is supplied through the narrow part 5 of the slot. If, for example, a cylindrical casting of a certain outside diameter is made 'by using a type of distributor as shown in Fig. 8, this will have varying wall thickness and varying internal diameter, the smallest diameter being at the left side which is supplied by the wide slot 5", and the largest internal diameter at the right side which is supplied by the small slot 5. The interior of the distributor may be lined with firebrick I4 and it may also be provided with heating means for protecting the distributor and maintaining a desired temperature within it.

Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate a heavier type-of distributor consisting of three parts: the side walls 8 and 9 and a -cover I5. The side walls 8 and 9 can be rotated around bolts-not shownaccommodatecl within the eyes it; in this way the size of the opening or slot 5 can be changed.

Fig. llillustrates a mouthpiece which, instead of having a slot, has a plurality of openings of different configuration to provide for the correct amount of molten material and for the most desirable configuration of the stream of molten material in accordance with the requirements of the casting to be produced.

Fig. 12 illustrates a design of my apparatus 'which is particularly adapted to produce large and/or long castings. Distributor l8 with mouthpiece 2. is separate from trough l1. Auxiliary trough i'l may be large compared with distributor it. the apparatus inasmuch as the small distributor ll must not hold much material and the large,

of the cylinders revolves.

This increases the stability and strength ofterials. while the main distributor I8 remains 5 within the form and the casting operation goes on without interruption. The large trough I! having a revolvable cover plate 22 and a mouth 2| may remain stationary during the casting period and is tilted around the bolts I 9 only at the 10 end of the period in order to be completely emptied. The position of the trough shown in Fig. 12 is that at the end of the casting operation,

i. e. when the trough is completely emptied. It is obvious that the trough may also be completely 15 closed and gas pressure applied to force the molten material out of the auxiliary trough IT at higher velocity into the main distributor l8 and therefrom into form 2.

Fig. 13 illustrates a mechanism for adjusting 20 the width of the pouringslot 25. This slot is formed by the flat parts 26 and 21 of the hollow tion. i. e. when the flat parts are at an angle and the cylinder surfaces touch each other. J

Fig. 14 illustrates a mouth mechanism whereby the speed of the outflowing molten material can be increased or decreased and also the direction of the stream of the molten material can be changed. The slot is formed by two revolvable 40 cylinders 28 and 29 which are revolved in opposite directions. This can be effected by providing gears on each cylinder which are in mesh with one another or by revolving only one cylinder and transmitting the movement to the other cyl- 45 inder, by using the friction between the cylinders and the outflowing molten material. The mechanism can also be so constructed that only one It is apparent that, when the cylindersrevolve in.the direction as 50 indicated by arrows 33 'and 34, the speed of the outflowing material is increased, while, when'they revolve in the opposite direction, this speed is decreased. when the cylinders are operated at different speeds, the direction of the outflowing stream is changed.

The interior of the 'hollow cylinders 23 and 24 on Fig. 13 and 28 and 29 on Fig. 14 may be cooled, for example by circulating molten lead therethrough.

The arrangements shown in Figs. 13 and 14 may also be incorporated in such construction of trough I which permits the application of gas pressure for forcing the molten material out of the trough at increased and adjustable speed. 05

the form has been charged. One may also at first pour only part of the molten material required into the form at a standstill and add the rest while the form is-being rotated; in this way the wall of the casting is built up gradually. A third modification of the method is to pour the molten material into the rotating form and gradually build up the walls of the casting from the start. Several layers of different substances may be cast on top of each other by this method; for

example a heavy layer of soft steel may thus be bedded in between two thin layers of special steel, nickel, etc. Hollow blocks built up in this manner may afterwards be rolled into rails, profile bars, sheets and the like.

While I believe the above ments of my invention are preferred embodiments, I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact details of process, design and construction shown and described, for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

What I claim is:

1. In an apparatus for making centrifugal castings from a molten material, a form, means for rotating said form, a tiltable distributor for said molten material within said form,- said distributor having an adjustable opening for pouring out said molten material and means for adjusting the size of said opening.

2. In an apparatus for making centrifugal castings from a molten material, a revolvable form, a tiltable trough for receiving said molten material and a distributor adapted to receive said molten material from said trough andto pour said molten material into said form, both said trough and said distributor being located within said form.

3. In an apparatus for making centrifugal castings from a molten material, a revolvable form, a tiltable distributor for said molten material and located within said form, said distributor having a mouthpiece consisting of two cylindrical bodies, each of said bodies having a flat part, said fiat parts being located substantially oppositeone another, and means for rotating said cylinders in like direction thereby varying the angularity' of said flat parts with respect to each other and thereby varying the width ofthe opening of said mouthpiece.

4. In an apparatus for making centrifugal castings from a molten material, a revolvable form, a tiltable distributor for said molten material located within said form, said distributor -having a slot-like mouthpiece for discharging said molten material into said form, and means for adjusting the velocity of the molten material discharged through said mouthpiece, said means consisting substantially of two cylindrical bodies adapted to revolve in a direction opposite to one another, and provisions for adjusting the revolving speed of said bodies.

5. In an apparatus for making centrifugal castings from a molten material, a revolvable form, a

tiltable distributor for said molten material and described embodiprocess as often as different layers are desired.

located within said form, said distributor having a slot-like mouthpiece for discharging said molten material into said form and means for adjusting the velocity of the molten material discharged through said mouthpiece, said means 5 consisting substantially oftwo cylindrical bodies adapted to revolve in a direction opposite to one another and provisions for individually adjusting the revolving speed of said bodies.

6. In an apparatus formaking centrifugal 1o castings from a molten material, a revolvable. form, a tiltable distributor for said molten material and located within said form, said distributor having a slot-shaped mouthpiece for discharging said molten material into said form, and means movably associated with said mouthpiece for adjusting the velocity of the molten material discharged through said mouthpiece.

7. In an apparatus for making centrifugal castings from a molten material, a revolvable form, a trough for receiving the molten material and having an adjustable mouthpiece and a distributor adapted to receive the molten material from said trough and to pour the molten material into said form, both said trough and said distributor being displaced within said form.

8. Method of making centrifugal castings consisting in filling a container completely located within the casting form and having an adjustable mouthpiece with the molten material of which the casting is to bemade, in discharging the material from said container into a distributor also completely located within the casting form and from said distributor into the interior of the casting form and in adjusting the velocity -of the discharging process by adjusting the mouth .of said container.

9. Method of uninterruptedly making centrifugal castings consisting in filling a container completely located within the casting form with the molten material of which the casting is to be made, in discharging the material from said container into a distributor also completely located within the casting form and from said distributor into the interior of the casting form and in refilling said container while the material of the first-charge-ofsaidcontainer is still being discharged from said distributor into the form.

10. Method of making centrifugal castings consisting of several layers of different materials consisting in filling a container completely displaced within the casting form with the molten material of which the outermost parts of the casting are to be made, in discharging the material from said container into a distributor also 5 completely located within the casting form and from said distributor into the interior of the castthe casting are to be made and in dischargingthe other material from said container into said distributor and therefrom into the interior of the casting form and in repeating the afore stated HANS BREITBART. 

